Reuven Malters Development In The Chosen :: essays research papers

Malter's Development in The Chosen One of the most emotional scenes from Chaim Potok’s The Chosen is when Reuven goes with Danny Saunders to talk to his father. Danny has a great mind and wants to use it to study psychology, not become a Hasidic tzaddik. The two go into Reb Saunders’ study to explain to him what is going to happen, and before Danny can bring it up, his father does. Reb Saunders explains to the two friends that he already known that Reuven is going to go for his smicha and Danny, who is in line to become the next tzaddik of his people, will not. This relates to the motif of â€Å"Individuality† and the theme of â€Å"Danny’s choice of going with the family dynasty or to what his heart leads him.† The most developing character from the novel is Reuven Malter. One of the ways that he developes in the novel is in hus understanding of friendship. His friendship with Dfanny Saunders is encouraged by his father, but he is wary of it at first because Danny is a Hasid, and regards regular Orthodox Jews as apikorsim because of the teachings of his father. Reuven goes from not being able to have a civil conversation with Danny to becoming his best friend with whom he spens all of his free time, studies Talmud and goes to college. Reuven truly grows because he leans, as his father says, what it is to be a friend. Another way that Reuven grows is that he learns to appreciate different people and their ideas. He starts out hating Hasidim because it’s the â€Å"pious† thing to do, even though his father (who I see as the Atticus Finch of this novel) keeps telling him that it’s okay to disagree with ideas, but hating a person because of them is intolerable. Through his friendship with Danny, studies with Reb Saunders, brief crush on Danny’s sister (who was never given a name), and time spent in the Hasidic community, he learns that Hasids are people too with their own ideas and beliefs that are as valuable as his. He learns why they think, act, speak, and dress the way that they do and comes to grips with the fact that he doesn’t have a monopoly on virtue. A third way in which Reuven grows, though the book doesn’t really talk about it a great deal, is in his appreciation of life, or cha’im in Hebrew. He almost loses his vision, his father nearly works himself to death, six million Jews are butchered in Europe, and Danny’s brother’s poor health threatens Danny’s

Hospitalized Chronic Schizophrenia Patients Health And Social Care Essay

The present survey was designed to measure the consequence of gestalt therapy on self consciousness among patients with schizophrenic disorder. The research design is of import measure in research, as it is closely related to the overall model for carry oning survey. This chapter deals with the description of the research attack, design, puting, population, standards for sample choice, sample and sampling technique, development and description of tool, process for informations aggregation and program for informations analysis.3.1. RESEARCH APPROACHThe research worker has adopted quantitative research attack in this survey to analyse the impact of Gestalt therapy on self consciousness among patients with schizophrenic disorder. This attack is a systematic procedure that involves the measuring of the input, procedure and the end product.3.2. RESEARCH DESIGNThe research design adopted in the present survey was Quasi experimental pre trial and station trial with control group design. Sel f consciousness was assessed among the patients with schizophrenic disorder before and after Gestalt therapy. Gestalt therapy was administered as an intercession to heighten the ego consciousness of the patients with schizophrenic disorder.FIG 2. SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF RESEARCH DESIGNQuantitative ApproachQuasi experimental pre trial and station trial with control group designTarget Population – Patients with schizophrenic disorderAccessible Population – Patients with schizophrenia hospitalized at krishna nursing placeSample size 16Tool: Situational Self consciousness graduated tableExperimental group ( N=8 )Hospitalized chronic Schizophrenia patientsControl group ( N=8 )Hospitalized chronic Schizophrenia patientsReceiving Routine nursing attention and Gestalt therapyReceiving Routine nursing attention merelyAppraisal of ego consciousness after intercessionDatas analysisFindingssReport/ thesis3.3. SettingThe survey was conducted in Krishna Nursing place, Coimbatore . It is a 28 bedded nursing place and de-addiction Centre.3.4. PopulationThe mark population for the present survey was patients with chronic schizophrenic disorder. The accessible population for the present survey was patients with schizophrenia hospitalized at Krishna nursing place.3.5. CRITERIA FOR SAMPLE SELECTIONThe samples were taken based on the undermentioned standards. Inclusion standards: Hospitalized patients with chronic Schizophrenia. Schizophrenic patients under the age group of 20-55. Schizophrenic patients with low ego consciousness Schizophrenic Patients who are willing to take part in the survey. Exclusion standards: Schizophrenia with any other physical or mental unwellness. Schizophrenic patients in acute stage. Schizophrenic patients with negative symptoms.3.6. SamplingPurposive sampling technique was used for sample choice. During the informations aggregation period 16 patients were admitted in Krishna Nursing Home. A sample of 16 patients with schizophrenic disorder were recruited in the survey.3.7. VARIABLES OF THE STUDYDemographic VariablesAge, Gender, Education, Marital position, Occupation, Monthly income, Place of abode, Family History of mental unwellness and Duration of mental unwellnessMugwumpVariableGestalt therapyDependant VariableDegree of Self consciousness3.8. MaterialThe tool consist of 3 subdivisions Section 1 Demographic Variables Section2 Situational ego consciousness graduated table ( Govern & A ; Marsh, 2001 ) Section3 Gestalt Therapy3.8.1. Section 1Demographic Variables: This is a self-administered tool which consist of personal information of the patients like age, gender, instruction, matrimonial position, occupational position, monthly household income, topographic point of abode, type of household, household history of mental unwellness and continuance of mental unwellness.3.8.2. Section 2Situational Self Awareness Scale ( Govern and Marsh 2001 ) : Govern and Marsh was developed in 2001 to quantify degrees of Public and Private Self consciousness. It consists of 9 statements related to overall feelings of Self consciousness. The points were answered on a 5-point likert graduated table denoting merely positive worded statements runing from strongly differ to strongly hold. Components 1, 5, 9 denotes Surrounding factor. Components 2, 6, 8 denotes Private factor. Components 3, 4, 7 denotes Public factor. The Mark ranges from 9-45 in order to construe the degree of ego consciousness. Reliability & A ; Validity: The dependability of the tool is measured utilizing the exploratory and collateral factor analysis and other statistical methods yielded consequences reveals correlation coefficient 0.7 bespeaking first-class stableness. The internal consistence of the three subscales is good ( Cronbach ‘s alpha = 0.82 for public factor, 0.72 for private factor and 0.72 for environing factor ) while the test-retest correlativity is 0.78 for public factor and 0.58 for private factor.A The tool has equal content cogency and concepts cogency. Administration: Initially the research worker maintained good resonance with the patients. The research worker obtained informed consent to affect the patients in the survey. The Situational ego consciousness graduated table was administered to the schizophrenic patients separately. This is a ego describing graduated table in which the participants were asked to click the options in each point as they feel. Scoring This graduated table is standardized, which consists of 5 likert type inquiries that measure the Self consciousness of patients with schizophrenic disorder. The responses of the 9 points are ranged from ( Strongly Disagree = 1, Slightly Disagree = 2, Neutral = 3, somewhat agree = 4 and strongly agree= 5 ) . The maximal mark in the tool is 45. Interpretation & lt ; 22 Low ego consciousness. 22-33 Normal 34-45 High ego consciousness.3.8.3. Section 3GESTALT THERAPYGestalt therapy was developed in 1940 by Frederick and Laura Perls in the fortiess. Gestalt therapy is a humanistic therapy where the research worker makes the patients to follow Gestalt therapy techniques which enhance the ego consciousness of patients with schizophrenic disorder. It tends to reflect a more experiential or subjective attack in bettering the ego consciousness among patients with schizophrenic disorder.Prerequisites OF GESTALT THERAPYThe undermentioned stairss should be taken by the research worker before disposal of Gestalt therapy. Explain the demand for the therapy to the patient and its utility. Explain the process to the patient. Get informed consent. Make a good resonance with the patient. Provide client a composure and quiet environment with good airing. Arrange 2 chairs to execute gestalt therapy techniques.GESTALT THERAPY TECHNIQUES:EMPTY CHAIR TECHNIQUE – The Chair in which the patient sits is a hot place and the chair is present in forepart of the patient is an empty chair. Patient is asked about his or her likes and disfavors towards his /her household members or relations. Patient imagines that the peculiar individual is sitting in that empty chair. Patient is asked to speak to that individual in forepart of the healer. This will better the emotional bonding and conflict declaration among the household members. Therefore, self consciousness is improved when the patient negotiations in such a fanciful manner to other individual. GUIDED FANTASY – Patient will be asked to conceive of a old event or topographic point already exposed in a systematic mode with the aid of the healer and imaginativeness is performed by the patient in a realistic mode. Devising ROUNDS WITH PATIENT- Patient will speak and mix with all Psychiatric patients in the infirmary premises. This attack will give consciousness towards the environment. REHEARSAL EXERCISE – It involves behavioral dry run where the patient function plays a new behavior that they have learned with a individual or people in their environment. This is done to cut down phase fear and anxiousness that may be felt if they feel they are non executing their new behavior right. This encourages spontaneousness and a willingness to larn and execute a new behavior.3.9. HypothesisH01: There is no important difference in the degree of self consciousness among patients with schizophrenic disorder in experimental and control group before gestalt therapy. H11: There is a important difference in the degree of self consciousness among patients with schizophrenic disorder in experimental group before and after gestalt therapy. H02: There is no important difference in the degree of self consciousness among patients with schizophrenic disorder in control group before and after everyday nursing attention. H12: There is a important difference in degree of self consciousness among patients with schizophrenic disorder in experimental group after gestalt therapy and control group after everyday nursing attention. H13: There is a important difference between the before intercession and after intercession mark in environing factor of self consciousness among patients with schizophrenic disorder. H14: There is a important difference between the before intercession and after intercession mark in public factor of self consciousness among patients with schizophrenic disorder. H15: There is a important difference between the before intercession and after intercession mark in private factor of self consciousness among patients with schizophrenic disorder.3.10. PILOT STUDYBefore the chief survey, pilot survey was conducted to look into the feasibleness, practicableness, dependability, and cogency. The survey was conducted in Krishna Nursing Home, Coimbatore. The eligible samples were recruited for pilot survey and the sample size was 5. The degree of ego consciousness was assessed among patients with schizophrenic disorder before intercession. Gestalt therapy was administered to patients with schizophrenic disorder. Gestalt Therapy was given for continuance of 40 proceedingss to five schizophrenic patients for back-to-back 10 yearss. Post trial was conducted the undermentioned twenty-four hours to measure the ego consciousness of patients with schizophrenic disorder after administrating gestalt therapy. Data analysis was done utilizing descriptive and illati ve statistics. Consequences showed that Gestalt therapy enhanced the degree of ego consciousness. Hence, the survey was operable and executable.3.11. MAIN STUDYThe chief survey was conducted for a period of 30 yearss. During the period of informations aggregation, 16 samples were drawn purposively. The research worker developed resonance with the participants and explained the importance and benefits of the intercession. Followed by this, consent was obtained. Initially, all patients with schizophrenic disorder were administered situational ego consciousness graduated table. The degree of ego consciousness was identified as low. Following this, gestalt therapy was administered to the patients with schizophrenic disorder separately for 40 proceedingss for each session with a sum of 4 Sessionss for each patient as one session per hebdomad. After 30 yearss a station trial was conducted to measure the ego consciousness of the patients with schizophrenic disorder.3.12. TECHNIQUES OF DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONAppropriate statistical tool such as descriptive and illative statistics were applied to analyse the information.

Essay on International Copyright vs. Online Piracy

Humans create. We sell what we make for profit on this modern marvel of a global market. The times we live in are the golden days of information and technology. As we stride towards better and more efficient computers and software, information becomes easier and easier to obtain. But with this new era of technological advancement comes with something else as well; art. Television shows, music, books, video games, and movies are blooming as media is more recognized on a global scale. However, humans always want something for less of a cost. We go out of our way to get the things we want, and if they are not accessible to us whether because of cost or availability; we find a way to acquire it. The internet has brought upon a revolution of†¦show more content†¦This new function of file sharing was dubbed Peer-to-Peer (P2P) sharing. This allowed users to share files through an app-based network rather than just downloading off a site directly. Napster was eventually shut down af ter a long drawn out court battle. Many other P2P services followed in Napster’s wake, but were eventually shut down due to easily being tracked by the government. Thus, a new method of piracy was needed, one that boasted anonymity for users. The Pirate Bay answered with Bit Torrents. Bit Torrents allowed users to download from other users, but rather than from just one, bits of a downloaded files are randomly pieced together from thousands of sources. However, The Pirate Bay, unlike other sites, was different. Its servers, as well as the men who founded the site, are Swedish. Sweden’s copyright laws are very lose, especially on content protected by foreign entities. American (as well as other nations’) copyrights don’t stand in Swedish courts. This seemingly untouchable strategy still stands today, as The Pirate Bay is the largest online piracy site in the world. Today, online piracy is a widespread issue. People do so for a variety of reasons, the bigge st of which is money. Stuff is expensive. Why spend $15 on DVD, when one could pirate hundreds for free? The ability to acquire things freely is fundamentally an un-solvable issue. The next, and the easiest to fix, reason why people pirate online is because of unavailability of certainShow MoreRelated Malaysian Piracy Industry Essay4809 Words   |  20 PagesMalaysian Piracy Industry Though it isn’t the largest or the most lucrative business of its type, the Malaysian software piracy industry is arguably the boldest and most blatant in the world. Despite international pressure, government crackdowns, and attempts by focus groups, the industry survives and flourishes to this day. 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Importance Of Ethics In Different Fields - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1992 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/08/07 Category Business Essay Level High school Tags: Business Ethics Essay Did you like this example? Computer Ethics The field of ethics (or moral philosophy) is the systematization, defense and approval of ideas of appropriate and inappropriate actions. Nowadays, thinkers usually divide ethical ideas into three general matters: metaethics, normative ethics and ethics. Metaethics investigates the historical roots and understanding of our moral principles. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Importance Of Ethics In Different Fields" essay for you Create order Are they social inventions alone? Does it involve more than expressions of our emotions? Metaethical responses to these questions deal with the issues of universal truths, Gods will, the role of reason in ethical and moral decisions, and the meaning of ethical terms. Normative ethics suggests a more realistic task of achieving moral values that regulate positive and negative conduct. This may involve outlining the healthy habits we should develop, the practices we should undertake, or the impacts of our conduct on everyone else. By using the philosophical methods of metaethics and regulatory ethics, dialogues in applied ethics attempt to fix these sensitive issues. The differences between metaethics, regulatory ethics and applied ethics are often blurred. For example, the issue of abortion is an ethical dilemma because it involves a certain sort of controversial conduct. But It often hinges on more general normative values, such as the right to self-government and the right to libert y. If you think that ethics is all about living a more moral and principled life, you have to practice it everywhere, even in the computer field, where you would sooner or later face a software piracy dilemma. When we speak of computer ethics, software piracy reflects pornography, spamming, unauthorized access to someone elses computer and first and foremost hacking in our minds. What then is computer ethics? As with the moral code of conduct in routine matters, computer ethics relates to the behavior of computer professionals and ordinary computer users in computers and the Internet. Computer ethics, also known as the ethics of information technology, addresses the moral and ethical application of computer applications, software and data storage. Computer ethics is becoming increasingly important because of the increasing number of cybercrime issues, including software piracy, unauthorized access, pornography, spamming, target marketing and hacking. The wide scale stature and use of th e World wide web raises a series of challenges such as cybercrime and safety. Some of the prominent advantages of malware, spyware, freeware and web browser cookies are web applications that stimulate discussion of the significance of ethical behavior in advanced technology. Even though incidents of intentionally malicious acts of immoral computer behavior are certainly not lacking, the majority of ethical shortcomings are simply due to the lack of user safety and the lack of organization stature. There are different types of issues in Computer Ethics, the most notable ones are listed below. TYPES OF ISSUES IN COMPUTER ETHICS: Computer Crime: Computer crime is an intellectual crime of white collar. Those who commit these crimes must be sufficiently intelligent to manipulate and access a computer system. An example of computer crime is the use of computers to steal money. The worst thing a thief can do is often that he / she only has the money he / she has stolen. This person is often fired if he / she is an employee, but his / her ability allows a competitor to hire him / her quickly. This makes it almost impossible to prevent computer robbery, as legal action is not often taken against the perpetrator. Another example is unauthorized access to your computer. The perpetrator can steal a companys trade secrets and data by entering an unauthorized computer. Such a crime could be committed by a worker who wants to sell these secrets to a competitor in order to promote his or her own well- being. This offence involves an invasion of property and confidentiality and also impacts the system itself. This crime is part of the pur pose of hacking. Hacking is defined as any computer activity that is not sanctioned or approved by a system or network owner.   Such an activity addresses the ethical dilemma of who possesses information and who should have access to it. Computer science lecturers at many universities have their students demonstrate their serious computer skills in the university system. This creates a serious dilemma for ethics. Since students arent really destructive to the system, can this measure be denounced or acknowledged ethically? Many computer professionals believe that this act is not investigated ethically and that computer science teachers must tackle computer ethics more fervently in their classes. Privacy Another field of computer ethics concerns privacy. The issue of privacy focuses on the most basic functions of the computer, its ability to store, organize and exchange records. A great deal of concern is the amount of information collected by computers. This puts personal information about individuals in a vulnerable position. All this information is available to him or her if someone accesses into a computer system. In this way, offences such as identity theft can occur. In addition, the effect of a minor error can be doubled if stored information can be easily swapped. Such errors can remain indefinitely in the system. Computers are responsible for creating the possibility that incidents in ones life or errors in ones records will deeply affect ones perception and treatment. This effervescence appears to have lost people control over their lives and information about them. Computer- based records do seem to have both good and bad consequences. One good consequence is that the requirement for information of an organization suggests that access to relevant information could improve decision- making and therefore make organizations more useful. This, in turn, gives the individual a positive outcome because better services or savings could be achieved. There are still bad consequences, however. These refer to the fact that Information is used to make individual decisions and such decisions may be based on information that is irrelevant and incorrect. There is no way to ensure that this access to information makes fair use of the authority exercised by organizations. The need for information from an organization and the interests of the individual should therefore be balanced. Ethical responsibility of IT pros Yet another source of concern is the understanding of computer systems by professionals in the computer profession. Computer specialists can act in one of two ways: if it is unknown, assume that case in the public domain until evidence is found that it is not; or suspect that, unless undisclosed or uncertain, information is confidential. It is beneficial for a professional to adopt the second rule because it allows the professional to protect himself against ethical inconsistencies, while the first allows for a greater chance of moral breach. There are numerous reasons why computer professionals complain about this distribution of power. Firstly, growing responsibility on the shoulders of some often tends to lead to the exploitation of others, and this is an ethical dilemma. Computer professionals should be required to use the info they have access to carefully, but some have chosen to use this information recklessly at the cost of others. A professional computers real strength is al so a threat because it is properly centralized. Computers actually allow large amounts of information, as explained above, to be stored in a small area. This centralization was rightly concerned because people argued that there is a constant battle between government and citizens in a free democracy, so that the control and input of citizens can become less and less efficient as law enforcement agencies become more and more strong. Some people fear that their privacy will be compromised if the government has too much influence and power. Those who dont want to see computers in government, but in peoples hands, oppose centralization. This idea of centralization corresponds to the idea that technology helps to distance itself. Alienation is linked to the loss of control in the world you live in. This is clear because computers have taken over jobs that once belonged to people thanks to advances in modern technology. This technology has shifted from computer professionals to the thinki ng of ethical decisions of the business world. IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTER ETHICS Prevents Misuse of Personal Information: Computers, whether individuals or professionals, brought the world closer. Most of us find buying more easy than leaving online. We must provide our personal information, such as name, date of birth and, most importantly, credit card information! If you know that people do not obey computer ethics everywhere, would you feel secure to share all this information? You know that your personal information is not misused in accordance with cyber laws and regulations and computer principles. Prevents Theft of Intellectual Property What does intellectual property actually mean? Well, unlike physical property like home or car, intellectual property refers to the property that the mind creates! The Internet has multiple intellectual properties, such as works by researchers, editors, artists, and so on. Without it, the work produced by the intellect of one individual can easily be copied and used by another. Globalization: Today, computer and technology ethics are rapidly transforming into a wider social and more important profession, which may reasonably be called global information ethics. Social Media and the world – the wide web connects people around the globe. Attempts to establish common ethical standards and attempts have been made to help develop mutually acceptable ethical standards and efforts to encourage and protect moral principles in a truly international sense. Global Cyber business: The world is very close to having technology that can provide electronic privacy and security on the internet. The technology will be sufficient to safely conduct international business transactions. Once it is in place, there will be a rapid growth of cyber business all over the world. Nations who already have a technological infrastructure will enjoy rapid economic growth, leaving everyone behind in the process. Keeps you from being Unethical: You dont have to use computer ethics to prove to the world. However, by adopting this ethics you would know what to do to be a responsible user and avoid unethical issues. Are you disturbed? Well, yes, there are several laws that can put you behind bars if you breach each websites privacy policy and requirements. Computer ethics cannot be imposed on you, your own will and desire must be fulfilled. You and your ethical values talk a lot about how to use your computer to access information. What would you do if you had the password of your friend? Would you ask him or her to change it because you discovered it mistakenly, or would you try to get some information you shouldnt? There are two different types of people in this world, one who follows the rules and respects them, and the others who dont really care. Should you be concerned about ethics to be a responsible citizen? Youre choosing it! However, if you are actually caught, be assured that the authorities wont care about you as well! In the end it can be said that following ethics is important in every field, be it technology or anything else because it provides certain safety measures, its protects people from being used for certain purposes, it helps build relationship between different members of the society. Moreover, it creates a sense of awareness that what is right and what is wrong. In today’s world, the use of technology has increased and people have started using technology to hurt people around them or to bring them down or to make them feel inferior. It’s better to use the resources available to us for a better purpose rather than misusing it and creating chaos in the society. If we make better use of the things available to us, we can all progress well and achieve heights in life that we never imagined. Sometimes we have to think from different perspective, use our imagination and make efforts to achieve something real in life. If we follow computer ethics, we can protect our privacy as well the privacy of others and keep the globe safe from un expected global internet issues.

Analysis Of The Book The State Of Israel Rich

Summary and Analysis of the Mazie Book The state of Israel—rich in tradition and innovation, has in its short existence been one of the most politically interesting phenomenons in the modern world. The state, since the signing of the Declaration of Establishment in 1948 has created a specific form of democracy not seen among many countries throughout the world; democracy which incorporates religious law as well as judicial and social law. Within Israel’s Higher Law, written by Steven V. Mazie, religion and liberal democracy are discussed in regards to the Jewish State. Mazie focuses on the struggle between liberal democracy and religion, and how both affect the two types of people living in Israel—Arabs and Jews. Both groups of Israelis†¦show more content†¦Separation of church and state is essential in creating a liberal state. Within a liberal state, religion should be expressed and practiced in a private setting. This idea of separation of church and state emerges from the beginning of th e United States. Thomas Jefferson coined the term a â€Å"wall of separation†, which defines the relationship between religion and government. Although many problems arise out of government and church intertwinement, strict separation is not the most practical answer in today’s world. States that show toleration for the vast majority of religious views while still focusing on the main religion are more likely to work within a democratic and liberal spectrum than those who demonstrate strict separation. Chapter 1 begins with, â€Å"One of the most familiar ideas of contemporary liberal thought is the State and Church must remain separate† (Mazie 3). This idea which Mazie expresses is commonly seen as the best way to secure religious freedom. Mazie uses arguments by John Locke to better express the idea of religious freedom within a state. In John Locke’s â€Å"Letter Concerning Toleration† he claims the attempt by government to oppress religion has caused many of the wars in the Christian world. Toleration, seen as the main ingredient in John Locke’s proposal, is also Mazie’s key to social harmony and stability. Mazie designates chapter two for the discussion of Israel as

Critique Of The Presidential Leadership Models To American Presidents

Question: Discuss the critique of the Presidential Leadership Model. Answer: The presidential leadership involves a complex responsibility of leading the nation by establishing opportunities to move in new directions and leading others in turbulent time. In this regard, extraordinary leadership skills are necessary to enhance the ability of the president face divisive governments and partisan polarization. To meet the institutional, political and personal capacities, Paul Quirk posits three different presidential leadership models that foster success. The models provide perspectives that can be utilized to understand leadership in the modern presidency better as well as evaluating the performance of a selected individual president. Critique of the Presidential Leadership Models The models of presidential leadership are based on applying the individual competence in executing the roles and responsibility held upon by the presidents position. The first model includes the self-reliant presidency which is based on implementing a personal approach to addressing the issue of governing the people. Unlike other leadership models, the autonomous model ensures the individual president bear a significant share of responsibility in addressing problems and challenges facing the country. The model requires the president to have sufficient knowledge, literacy and education necessary to manage the resources or handle challenges wisely. The role promotes the chances of the president playing the greater role in the achievement of goals and creating opportunities for new directions[1]. The second model involves the minimalist presidency. According to research, the model requires the president to have little or no understanding of selected issues rather depend on subordinates to address such problems. According to the model, the president has a more limited role as a facilitator of change. The model appears ineffective in ensuring the president plays the role of addressing challenges or providing directions and support to achieve national policy rather makes the presidency a passive role. However, the model promotes the distribution of power to the subordinates compared to the self-reliant presidency model[2]. The third model involves the strategic competence model where the president had less knowledge about the operations but expected to make appropriate choices on addressing various situations. In this model, the president acts as both a facilitator of change as well as providing coherence, direction and support critical to handle multiple national goals. The model appears useful in articulating both the self-reliant and minimalist presidency models to promote effective outcomes. The models strong areas include the presidents ability to make choices despite having subordinates to handle other matters. It also serves as the most efficient model compared to the others[3]. Application of the Models to American Presidents Various American leaders exhibited the models described above during their reign. For example in the self-reliant model, President Franklin Roosevelt serves as the best example of the model. The president is recognized for his dedication in addressing challenges facing the citizens and was highly regarded. Roosevelt was an effective leader, self-confident and was committed to the public service. Besides, he possessed the required skills, appetite for knowledge and had a clear vision for the country. All the qualities and way of leadership fits the self-reliant model. The second model of minimalist presidency applies to President Ronald Reagan as the model transformed the US economy. Reagan understood the leaders role in preparing and protecting a model that appealed to most Americans up-to-date. He connected with the citizens by providing minimal powers as a president but rather empowering the subordinates ensuring equality[4]. The third model of strategic competence relates to different leaders such as Kennedy. His approach to leadership was influenced by his vision, decision-making styles and delegation of duties. For example, the president was engaged in foreign affairs and conceived a greater role as well as cooperating with others on administration. Conclusively, the leadership model adopted by any President has impacts on his performance as well as how he relates to the people. As witnessed in all the American Presidents, each has a unique model which also determined the progress of the country such as President Reagans model. References Edwards, George. Presidential Leadership: Politics and Policy Making. Stamford: Cengage Learning, 2014 Gaval, Kathleen Donahue. "Presidential Transitions: Presidents' Perspectives on Building the Senior Leadership Team." Order No. 3357490, University of Pennsylvania, 2009, https://search.proquest.com/docview/304984445?accountid=45049 (accessed June 16, 2016). Hald-Mortensen, Christian. "John F. Kennedy-Leadership Qualities That Moved A Nation." PhD diss., University of Pittsburgh, 2007. Nelson, Michael. The Presidency and the Political System, tenth edition. CQ Press, 2013. ISBN: 978-1452240435

Celcom Background free essay sample

This problem usually occurs during a festivals month and also when there is a celebration. However, it is disappointing when Celcom telecommunication network facing this problem, they could not handle it properly. It had been revealed that Celcom has already noticed that the phone lines was down earlier in the morning but they still did not making any actions to solve this problem. This interruption had caused a sudden overloading and also loss of signal in some areas. It has been a daily issues for many of the mobile users regarding these sudden dropped calls. It may be a normal experience if it does not occur often. However, it had caused dissatisfactions and frustrated many of mobile phone users as this problems keep on happens without any actions taken by the Celcom Company. This problem is surely do not meet the company standard of quality of service and it will also make the users feels unhappy as they do not meet the company standard of quality of service and it will also make the users feels unhappy as they are receiving services which is not suitable with what they had being paid for. We will write a custom essay sample on Celcom Background or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As the compensations to the customers, Celcom show its appreciation by giving out some form of discount for customers who are experiencing sudden dropped call.